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Professor Harry Surden of the University of Colorado has published Machine Learning and Law , Washington Law Review , 89, 87-115 (2014).
Here is the abstract:
This Article explores the application of machine learning techniques within the practice of law. Broadly speaking “machine learning” refers to computer algorithms that have the ability to “learn” or improve in performance over time on some task. In general, machine learning algorithms are designed to detect patterns in data and then apply these patterns going forward to new data in order to automate particular tasks. Outside of law, machine learning techniques have been successfully applied to automate tasks that were once thought to necessitate human intelligence — for example language translation, fraud-detection, driving automobiles, facial recognition, and data-mining. If performing well, machine learning algorithms can produce automated results that approximate those that would have been made by a similarly situated person.
This Article begins by explaining some basic principles underlying machine learning methods, in a manner accessible to non-technical audiences. The second part explores a broader puzzle: legal practice is thought to require advanced cognitive abilities, but such higher-order cognition remains outside the capability of current machine-learning technology. This part identifies a core principle: how certain tasks that are normally thought to require human intelligence can sometimes be automated through the use of non-intelligent computational techniques that employ heuristics or proxies (e.g., statistical correlations) capable of producing useful, “intelligent” results. The third part applies this principle to the practice of law, discussing machine-learning automation in the context of certain legal tasks currently performed by attorneys: including predicting the outcomes of legal cases, finding hidden relationships in legal documents and data, and the automated organization of documents.
HT Harry Surden
At least one law-related project was worked on at the Voting Information Project San Francisco Hackathon , held held 28-29 March 2014: PollVault + VIP .
Here is a description of the project:
PollVault is the free central repository for all voter guides and election endorsements nationwide.
In an effort to host the broadest set of ballot data possible for voters and advocacy groups to use in crafting endorsements, we are partnering with the VIP to consume their feed as a supplement to our data set.
In addition, we aim to crowdsource ballot data which we will contribute back to the VIP [Voting Information Project] for validation. [...]
If you know of other law-related projects worked on at the event, please feel free to identify them in the comments to this post.
HT @marcidale
Professor Dr. Monica Palmirani of the University of Bologna has published The CIRSFID and legal informatics, in Ginevra Peruginelli and Mario Ragona (Eds.), Legal informatics in Italy: Fifty years of studies, research and experiences (Naples, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 2014).
Here is the abstract:
The chapter outlines the birth and development of legal informatics at the University of Bologna, and consequently also the various phases of the evolution of CIRSFID, which has taken on a role as promoter of this discipline at local, national, and international level. The account is based on two historical sources: (i) archival records held at the University of Bologna, which document the birth of this research centre, offering a snapshot of the initiatives launched by the centre itself in the effort to make a place for legal informatics as a university discipline, and (ii) numerous interviews with the founder of CIRSFID, Prof. Enrico Pattaro, and with Prof. Giovanni Sartor as sources of oral history on which to rely in rounding out the narrative where the records are incomplete. After this historical account, the contribution shifts focus to the present, outlining the method, characteristics, and activities of legal informatics in Bologna, such as its cross-disciplinary and international emphasis and its stress on the practical application of theoretical investigation. Finally, the contribution turns to the future of legal informatics as a discipline that proceeds on an analytical and philosophical approach to see how new technologies — the ones now in use as well as those in development — can be put to use so as to fully exploit their potential consistently with the legal and ethical principles by which that use is framed.
Kerem Kahvecioglu, M.A., of Istanbul Bilgi University has posted Open Access to Turkish Primary Legal Information Resources , at IALL.org .
The post covers “primary legal information resources namely legislation, the official gazette and case law,” as well as treaties.
LawWithoutWalls X Conposium (LWOW X Conposium) was held online on 29 March 2014.
Click here for the schedule for the event.
The Twitter hashtag for the event seems to be: #lwow2014
Click here for a storify of Twitter tweets from the event.
Click here for archived Twitter tweets from the event in .csv format.
Here is background information about the event:
LawWithoutWalls is a part-virtual collaboratory devised and led by Michele DeStefano, that develops the skills necessary to provide effective legal services in today’s global, multi-disciplinary, and cross-cultural marketplace. It centers on the intersection of law, business, technology, and innovation. [...] LWOW X is an all-virtual pilot program for 2014. It offers the same components and benefits as the original LawWithoutWalls offering, only it does so completely on-line.[...].
International Journal of Legal Information Design is a new, refereed legal informatics journal, being published by Inderscience.
Here is a description from the journal’s Website:
IJLID is a multidisciplinary journal concerned with the audio, visual and audio-visual design of legal information. It seeks to promote and enhance discussion on (re)designing legal information by addressing both theoretical and practical issues. [...]
Topics covered:
Legal information (re)design and:
- communication studies, media studies
- history
- drama studies, (digital) storytelling
- e-government
- e-learning, education science
- iconography/iconology, semiotics
- visual communication, graphic design
- information/knowledge management
- typography, linguistics
- literary studies, narratology
- psychology, sociology
- philosophy
- counselling studies
and Any subjects that arise with any of the discipline combinations above [...]
Editor in Chief
Dorgham, M.A., International Centre for Technology and Management, UK
(editorial@inderscience.com)Associate Editor
Schafer, Burkhard, Edinburgh University, UKEditorial Board Members
Abou Zeid, El Sayed, Concordia University, Canada
Barshack, Lior, The Interdisciplinary Center, Israel
[...]
Douzinas, Costas, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
Goodrich, Peter, Yeshiva University, USA
Hibbitts, Bernard J., University of Pittsburgh, USA
Martin, Bill, RMIT University, Australia
McLellan, Hilary, McLellan Wyatt Digital, USA
Riedl, Reinhard, University of Applied Sciences Bern, Switzerland
Schmid Keeling, Regula, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Vismann, Cornelia, Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte, Germany
Walker, Sue, University of Reading, UK
Wexler, David B., The University of Arizona, USA
Wong, Kuan Yew, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia [...]All our articles are refereed through a double-blind process. [...]
The LawWithoutWalls X Conposium (LWOW X Conposium) will be held online on 29 March 2014.
Click here for the event program.
Click here for access to the online sessions.
At this event the students will present their projects.
The Twitter hashtags for the event seem to be #lwowx and #lwow2014
The Twitter account for the program is @LWOWX
Here is background information about the program:
LawWithoutWalls is a part-virtual collaboratory devised and led by Michele DeStefano, that develops the skills necessary to provide effective legal services in today’s global, multi-disciplinary, and cross-cultural marketplace. It centers on the intersection of law, business, technology, and innovation. [...] LWOW X is an all-virtual pilot program for 2014. It offers the same components and benefits as the original LawWithoutWalls offering, only it does so completely on-line.[...]
Dr. Sebastiano Faro of ITTIG/CNR has published Computational social science, law and legal informatics (towards computational legal science), in Ginevra Peruginelli and Mario Ragona (Eds.), Legal informatics in Italy: Fifty years of studies, research and experiences (Naples, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 2014).
Here is the abstract:
Legal informatics has been developed on the basis of the idea that the world of law could not ignore the profound changes in society brought about by the development of computer science and, in more general terms,
of information and communication technologies; from this conviction the legal scholars’ interest in computing and new technologies was born as a set of tools, techniques, methodologies and approaches able to propose a new way of understanding and dealing with legal phenomena and also for supporting the activities of the lawyer. Among the possible future evolutions of legal informatics, this chapter emphasizes how this discipline, thanks to its method and interdisciplinary research program, can play a key role in mediating the encounter between law and the emerging research area called “computational social science”. This is an intersection between social sciences, informatics and the sciences of complexity, with which law will come inevitably into contact.
A call for papers has been issued for ATGRC 2014: International Workshop: Advanced Technologies for Governance Risk and Compliance , to be held 2 September 2014 in Munich, Germany.
The submission deadline is 29 March 2014.
Here is the description:
Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) Information Systems provide key functionalities – ranging from risk program management to regulatory monitoring and reporting – to different stakeholders within an enterprise. GRC is moving toward “a more integrated approach to ensure effective governance, manage risks and optimize performance while addressing compliance obligations throughout the enterprise” (OCEG GRC technology solution guide v2.1). New generation GRC Information Systems are expected to simplify and automate the consumption of Regulations, to create compliant business processes whose execution can be monitored using controls traceable back to the Regulations and to enable flexible Risk reporting over integrated data. State of the art Governance dashboards and user interfaces are key in increasing the adoption of this new generation of GRC information systems. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence, in Databases and in Business Processes Modelling will take GRC to this next level. In particular, Semantic Technologies provide the required accuracy for formal Knowledge Representation and the flexibility for large data and process integration.
Hosted by the 25th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2014), the 1st International Workshop on Advanced Technologies for Governance Risk and Compliance is a forum bringing together researchers and practitioners working in GRC, semantic technologies and related areas. It is an opportunity to discuss current challenges and to assess state of the art technologies.
Papers are invited on the following topics:
- Business vocabularies, Regulatory vocabularies, GRC Vocabularies
- Regulatory ontologies, Risk ontologies, Enterprise Ontologies
- Semantic Web technologies applied to Enterprise Information Systems
- Rule-based systems
- Semantics-based data access and data integration
- Subject-Matter-Expert-Centric semantic systems
- Business friendly ontology editing and visualization
- Business friendly rule editing and visualization
- Machine assisted vocabulary and rules extraction
- Natural language processing for Ontology building/ population
HT John Lombard
Dr. Ginevra Peruginelli and Mario Ragona, both of ITTIG/CNR, have published a new article collection entitled Legal Informatics in Italy: Fifty years of studies, research and experiences (Naples, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 2014) (ITTIG Series «Studi e documenti», n. 12).
Click here for abstracts in English and Italian.
Here is the publisher’s description:
In the national publishing scenario a book that reconstructs the history of legal informatics in Italy is lacking. Starting from this observation, a collectanea on the origin and evolution of legal informatics in Italy has been realised, combining the contributions of the main actors of this field of science.
The book collects the thoughts, experiences, projects by Italian leading experts who have worked actively in the development of this field, following the historical evolution of legal informatics.
Such discipline must be intended in the sense of legal informatics strictly speaking.
With the intent of offering a look beyond national borders, the work includes precious interviews to key persons who have dedicated their professional life to the study and application of legal informatics around the world, focusing on new challenges and opportunities that the relationship between law and information technology implies.
The volume concludes with a look to the future and prospects of the IG, focusing on new challenges and opportunities that ITTIG-CNR researchers have been underlined: in fact the story of legal informatics interweaves with the history of the Institute.
The volume is not intended as a manual, but as a source of reference for all those interested in this subject. The discussion of the various topics have mainly an historical perspective, without leaving out personal experience that the individual author wants to highlight. From this book the reader should not only draw the historical evolution of legal informatics in Italy, but also the spirit and the atmosphere existing among the actors of the discipline.
The publication is the commitment of the Institute of Theory and Techniques of Legal Information (ITTIG) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR).
Contributions of:
Tommaso Agnoloni, Maria Angela Biasiotti, Jon Bing, Rosa Maria Di Giorgi, Elena Candia, Manola Cherubini, Elio Fameli, Sebastiano Faro, Franco Fiandanese, Enrico Francesconi, Vittorio e Tommaso Edoardo Frosini, Luigi Lombardi Vallauri, Mario G. Losano, Cesare Maioli, Carlo Marchetti, Pietro Mercatali, Nicola Palazzolo, Monica Palmirani, Mario Panizza, Enrico Paradiso, Giovanni Pascuzzi, Ginevra Peruginelli, Marina Pietrangelo, Mario Ragona, Francesco Romano, Maria-Teresa Sagri, Giovanni Sartor, Giancarlo Taddei Elmi, Daniela Tiscornia, Fabrizio Turchi
Interviews with:
Mariya Badeva-Bright (Africa), Thomas R. Bruce (USA), Fernando Galindo (Spain), Graham Greenleaf (Australia), Maximilian Herberger (Germany), João Alberto de Oliveira Lima (Brazil), Yoshiharu Matsuura (Japan), Abdulhusein H. Paliwala (United Kingdom), Pascal Petitcollot (France), Daniel Poulin (Canada), Erich Schweighofer (Austria), Ping Zhang (China).
The index and abstract are available at:
http://ift.tt/1h1UMsfPurchase:
http://ift.tt/1dyB7Fw
Dr. Peruginelli says that in September 2014 “the volume will be available in open access in the ITTIG website and in other institutional repositories.”
LexThink.1 2014, an event of lightning talks on law practice innovation and technology, was held on 26 March 2014, in Chicago, Illinois, USA.
The event was organized by Matthew Homann and JoAnna Forshee .
The conference program is at: http://ift.tt/1rC34Af
The Twitter hashtag for the event was #lexthink
Click here for a storify of Twitter tweets from the event.
Click here for archived Twitter tweets from the event in .csv format.
Much legal data is available through Thomas Levine‘s OpenPrism federated search tool for open data repositories.
See, for example, the search results for:
HT @gletham
Videos of three new legislative drafting software applications have been posted on the ParliamentICT channel:
The legislative drafting and wireframe application videos bear the name of Matt Lynch .
The amending application video bears the name of Graham Peek .
All of the videos bear the name of the Legislation Drafting, Amending, and Publishing Programme.
Graham Peek says that this software is being developed for the British Parliament, the Office of the Parliamentary Counsel (UK) [Richard Heaton], and The National Archives (UK) [in which John Sheridan, developer and administrator of Legislation.gov.uk, works], and in partnership with the Scottish Parliament, the Office of the Scottish Parliamentary Counsel, and the Council of Europe.
HT @grahampeek
Dr. Margaret Hagan of Stanford University has posted a report on a legislative design roundtable that she and Dr. Ron Dolin of the Program for Legal Tech and Design held for the OpenGov Foundation in early March 2014.
Here are excerpts from the post:
Two weeks ago, we were fortunate to host two members of the OpenGov Foundation team at the d.school, to discuss their projects to make legislators’ work more participatory, democratic, and better designed. [...]
The OpenGov team showed us their past versions of The Madison Project — a platform that allows legislators to post versions of pending & proposed legislation online, and then has constituents make annotations, reactions, redrafts, and other comments on top of the text.
The first version of this platform emerged during the SOPA/PIPA debate two years ago. The platform they coded then allowed people to read the proposed Internet legislation, and comment — to show legislators what citizens would want to change about the bill, as well as to educate citizens about what the legislation would do. [...]
The team also showed some hints of where they might be going — with the ability of commenters to engage with each other, and an ability to float the most meaningful comments & redrafts to prominence. [...]
The participants who came to the event gave feedback on the designs & the concepts — with ideas of how to increase user engagement on the site, along with ideas of other directions the platform could go regarding citizen education about lawmaking. [...]
For images and more details, please see the complete post.
JURIX 2014: International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, is scheduled to be held 10-12 December 2014 at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, according to a post at the JURIX blog.
Dr. Rinke Hoekstra of the Leibniz Center for Law at the University of Amsterdam is the program chair for the conference.
The call for papers and submission deadlines have not been posted yet.
Dr. Zsolt Ződi of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has posted Analysis of Citation Patterns of Hungarian Judicial Decisions: Is Hungarian Legal System Really Converging to Case Laws? Results of a Computer Based Citation Analysis of Hungarian Judicial Decisions .
Here is the abstract:
It is one of the most popular leitmotif of comparative legal science that civil and common legal systems are converging. The primary consideration behind this is, that the role of “precedents” are increasing in civilian legal systems, while statutory law’s importance is growing in common law.
In 2012 we performed a research on more than 60,000 Hungarian judicial decisions, published on the website of State Office of Courts, (Országos Bírósági Hivatal) in order to explore an important aspect of the “precedential character” of the Hungarian law. The first, (quantitative) part of the research was computer-based: we collected and analysed all the citations (links within the database) to precedents within the text of the decisions and analysed the citation patterns. In the second (qualitative) phase we selected 520 decisions randomly, read them, and recorded four additional aspects in a database. This paper shows the results of both.
Women in legal technology are the focus of two cover stories in American Bar Association Journal (April 2014):
Of the women covered in the articles, the following have been discussed previously on our blog:
For details, please see the articles.
HT @EJWalters
Traci Hughes , Seamus Kraft , Joshua Tauberer , and V. David Zvenyach were guests on a radio program entitled D.C. Decoded: Open Data, Open Government? , hosted by Kojo Nnamdi, on 24 March 2014, on WAMU in Washington, DC.
Audio of the program is available at: http://ift.tt/1jpT9fK
Here is a description of the program:
All D.C. residents are expected to abide by the D.C. Code, a compilation of all city laws and regulations. But until recently, most residents didn’t have easy online access to the code itself. A coalition of advocates and civic hackers recently released a new website, DCDecoded.org, which attempts to shed light on the inner workings of local government. Kojo talks with advocates inside and outside government about the promise and limitations of open government initiatives.
Guests
Josh Tauberer
“civic hacker” and founder, GovTrack.usTraci Hughes
Director, DC Office of Open GovernmentV. David Zvenyach
General Counsel, D.C. CouncilSeamus Kraft
Executive Director & Co-Founder, OpenGov FoundationRelated Links
D.C. Decoded: Discover the D.C. Code
The OpenGov Foundation
DC Office of Open Government, Board of Ethics and Government Accountability
Profesor Colin Starger of the University of Baltimore and Professor Scott Dodson of the University of California Hastings have posted a new video entitled Mapping Supreme Court Doctrine: Civil Pleading .
The video demonstrates the use of Colin Starger’s SCOTUS Mapper Software to visually analyze and display patterns among US Supreme Court decisions dealing with pleading in civil cases.
Click here for previous posts about Colin Starger’s research using the SCOTUS Mapper Software.
Professor Dr. Stephen Colbran of Central Queensland University and Dr. Anthony Gilding of La Trobe University have published MOOCs and the Rise of Online Legal Education , Journal of Legal Education , 63, 405-428 (2014).
The article discusses undergraduate, graduate, and continuing legal education via MOOCs, with respect to learning, teaching, and models of online legal education.
Click here for more information on legal MOOCs.
Tom Bruce of the Legal Information Institute (LII) held an online discussion about free access to law , on 19 March 2014, on Google + Hangout.
A video of the discussion is at: http://ift.tt/1hMjgrP
Click here for a storify of the event.
Click here for archived Twitter tweets from the event, in .csv format.
Here is a description of the event, from the event’s Website:
Join LII co-founder and director Tom Bruce for our next Google Hangout, Wednesday, March 19, 2014 at 7pm EDT. Tom will answer your questions about the LII, the future of the free access to law movement, and talk about what’s next for the LII website. Tweet your questions to @liicornell, or email us: help AT liicornell DOT org